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Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of vitamin D drops combined with insulin aspart in the treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and the effect of vitamin D drops on the serum levels of 1, 25 dihydroxyvitamin D 3 [1, 25(OH) 2D 3] and retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4). Methods:A total of 94 GDM patients admitted to the Baoding Second Central Hospital from March 2019 to March 2021 were selected and randomly divided into an observation group and a control group with 47 cases each using a random number table method. The control group received subcutaneous injection of insulin aspartate for treatment, while the observation group received oral vitamin D drops for treatment. After 4 weeks of continuous treatment, the blood glucose control effect and adverse reactions were observed in both groups. The glucose metabolism indicators of the two groups were compared before and after treatment, including fasting blood glucose (FPG), 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2-hour PG), insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), and pancreatic islets β Cell Function Index (HOMA-β) and serum levels of 1, 25(OH) 2D 3, RBP4, lipoprotein related phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). All patients were followed up until the end of pregnancy, and Statistical analysis was conducted on the adverse outcomes of two groups of mothers and infants. Results:The time to reach the standard for FPG and 2-hour PG in the observation group, as well as the time for both to reach the standard were significantly shorter than those in the control group (all P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of dawn phenomenon and hypoglycemia between the observation group and the control group (all P>0.05). After treatment, FPG and 2-hour PG in both groups were significantly reduced compared to those before treatment (all P<0.05); However, after treatment, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (all P>0.05). Compared with before treatment, HOMA-IR in both groups significantly decreased (all P<0.05), All HOMA- β significantly increased (all P<0.05); And the improvement was more significant in the observation group (all P<0.05). After treatment, the serum levels of 1, 25(OH) 2D 3 in the observation group significantly increased compared to that before treatment ( P<0.05), but there was no significant change in the control group before and after treatment ( P>0.05). After treatment, the levels of serum RBP4, Lp-PLA2, and VCAM-1 in both groups significantly decreased compared to those before treatment (all P<0.05); After treatment, the serum levels of RBP4, Lp-PLA2, and VCAM-1 in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (all P<0.05). The incidence of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes in the observation group was 14.9%(7/47) and 10.6%(5/47), respectively, which were lower than those in the control group [34.0%(16/47) and 27.7%(13/47)] (all P<0.05). There were 8 cases of hypoglycemia in 94 patients (3 in the observation group and 5 in the control group), and no other adverse events occurred. Conclusions:The combination of vitamin D drops and insulin aspartate in the treatment of GDM can safely, effectively, quickly, and steadily control patients′ blood sugar, improve IR and pancreatic islets β The effect of cell function on reducing the incidence of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes may be related to increasing serum 1, 25(OH) 2D 3 levels and down-regulating the expression levels of serum RBP4, Lp-PLA2, and VCAM-1.
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Objective:To investigate the relationship between the expressions of serum trans thyroxine protein (TTR) , retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) and metabolic syndrome of pregnancy (GMS) .Methods:A total of 103 patients with GMS from May. 2017 to Dec. 2019 were selected as the observation group, in addition, 100 healthy pregnant women with single pregnancy and no complications were selected as control group. Before pregnancy, the height and weight were detected. After the diagnosis of GMS, serum markers and blood pressure were detected. The levels of total cholesterol (TC) , triglyceride (TG) , low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) , high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were detected by Hitachi 7600 automatic biochemical analyzer, and the expression levels of TTR and RBP4 in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) . Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to evaluate the diagnostic value of TTR and RBP4 in GMS. Multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of GMS in pregnant women.Results:There was no significant difference in age or gestational weeks between the two groups ( P>0.05) . Compared with those in the control group, the levels of BMI, TC, TG, LDL-C, FBG, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, serum TTR and RBP4 expression levels were higher in the observation group before pregnancy ( P<0.05) , while HDL-C was lower ( P<0.05) . The area under the curve (AUC) of TTR and RBP4 alone or combination in the diagnosis of GMS was 0.797, 0.816 and 0.898, respectively. The cut-off value of TTR was 284.91 mg/L, and the sensitivity and specificity were 63.10% and 89.00%, respectively. The cut-off value of RBP4 was 17.89 mg/L, and the sensitivity and specificity were 69.90% and 87.00%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the combined diagnosis were 83.50% and 84.00% respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that high level of TTR and high level of RBP4 were independent risk factors of GMS in pregnant women ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The expression levels of serum TTR and RBP4 in GMS patients are high, and they have certain diagnostic value for GMS. They are independent risk factors of GMS in pregnant women, which may provide new ideas for the early diagnosis and prevention of GMS.
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AIM: To explore the efficacy of preoperative intravitreal injection of conbercept combined with 25G+ pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)in the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR).METHODS: The clinical data of 154 patients(176 eyes)with PDR admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to June 2021 were collected for retrospective analysis. According to the treatment methods, 80 patients(92 eyes)in combined treatment group were treated with preoperative intravitreal injection of conbercept combined with 25G+PPV, and 74 patients(84 eyes)in control group were given 25G+PPV only. The postoperative clinical efficacy and levels of adipokines [adiponectin(APN), retinol binding protein 4(RBP4)] before and after surgery were compared between both groups of patients.RESULTS: The combined treatment group showed better clinical efficacy than the control group at 1mo after surgery(P<0.05). Both groups had lower RBP4 levels at 3mo after surgery(P<0.05), with the combined treatment group showing a lower level than the control group(P<0.05). Serum APN levels significantly increased in both groups after surgery(P<0.05), with the combined treatment group having a higher level than the control group(P<0.05). The combined treatment group had lower incidence rates of retinal proliferation and postoperative complications after than the control group 3mo of follow-up(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Preoperative intravitreal injection of conbercept combined with 25G+PPV is beneficial in improving the therapeutic effect of PDR and reducing the incidence rates of complications, which may be related to the regulations of the expressions of adipokines.
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@#AIM:To explore the serum retinol binding protein 4(RBP4), inflammatory index neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio(NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio(PLR)in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)after diabetic retinopathy(DR)levels and factors affecting the occurrence of DR in patients. <p>METHODS: The clinical data of 142 patients with T2DM who reached the standard of blood glucose control in our hospital from February 2017 to February 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. According to the results of fundus angiography, the patients were divided into Normal group(<i>n</i>=74), NPDR group(<i>n</i>=36)and PDR group(<i>n</i>=32). Compared the general data and blood test indexes of the three groups, and analyzed the factors affecting the occurrence of DR by multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Constructed a line chart prediction model to predict the occurrence of DR and evaluated its predictive efficiency. <p>RESULTS: The course of DM, serum GH, IGF-I, LDL-C, UA, RBP4, NLR and PLR in PDR group were significantly higher than those in Normal group and NPDR group, while C-P and 2h C-P were significantly lower than those in Normal group and NPDR group. The course of disease >12a, IGF-I >145μg/L, C-P <0.75ng/mL, UA >245ng/mL, RBP4 >54mg/L, NLR >1.8 and PLR >110 were independent risk factors for DR. The line chart model has high degree of differentiation and calibration, and has good prediction efficiency. <p>CONCLUSION: In addition to the common risk factors such as the course of DM, IGF-I, C-P and UA, the increase of RBP4, NLR and PLR is also related to DR, which may be involved in the occurrence and development of DR.
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Objective:This was a retrospective study to compare the serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D], retinol binding protein 4(RBP-4) and other clinical data in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with or without diabetic nephropathy (DN) and to explore the clinical significance of these indicators in DN.Methods:1946 T2DM patients were enrolled in this study. The T2DM patients were divided to group with diabetic nephropathy (DN group) and without diabetic nephropathy (NDN group). According to the urine albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR), DN patients were further divided into microalbuminuria subgroup (UACR 30~300 mg/g) and massive proteinuria subgroup (UACR> /g). Clinical characteristics including serum 25(OH)D, RBP-4 and other biochemical indicators were collected.Results:Compared with NDN group, DN group showed longer disease duration, older age and higher levels of HbA1c, RBP-4, hs-CRP, TC and TG; 25(OH)D and HDL-C in DN group were lower than those in NDN group ( P<0.05). Within DN group, massive proteinuria subgroup showed higher RBP-4, younger age and lower 25(OH)D and HDL-C than microalbuminuria subgroup ( P<0.05). After adjusted for age, gender and disease duration in DN, partial correlation analysis showed that 25(OH)D is positively correlated with eGFR, and negatively correlated with RBP-4 and UACR ( P<0.05). UACR is positively correlated with RBP-4 and TC, and negatively correlated with eGFR (all P<0.05). eGFR is negatively correlated with RBP-4, TC and UACR (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression showed that disease duration, HbA1c, RBP-4 and hs-CRP are risk factors for DN, and 25(OH)D is the protective factor for DN. Conclusions:Decreased 25(OH)D and increased RBP-4 are associated with increased DN risk in T2DM patients, and also associated with exacerbated albuminuria and deteriorated renal function in DN patients. There is a negative correlation between 25(OH)D and RBP-4 in DN. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of serum 25(OH)D and RBP-4 and enhance vitamin D supplementation in T2DM patients to prevent the occurrence and delay the progression of diabetic nephropathy.
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Objective To explore the relationship between serum retinol binding protein 4 and serum Lipasin levels and vascular complications in gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).Methods From Jan.2016 to Jan.2018,80 pregnant women with gestational diabetes diagnosed as GDM in Wenzhou Central Hospital of Zhejiang Province were selected as the study group.They were divided into two groups according to whether they had vascular lesions.Group A included patients with gestational diabetes mellitus complicated with vascular complications and group B included patients without vascular complications.Forty healthy pregnant women were selected as the control group(group C).The levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG),fasting serum insulin (FINS),homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR),serum retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) and serum Lipasin were compared among three groups of pregnant women.The vascular complications of GDM were analyzed.Results The levels of FPG,FINS and HOMA-IR in gestational diabetes mellitus pregnant women were higher than those in healthy pregnant women (P＜0.05),and those in group A were higher than those in group B (P＜0.05).The levels of RBP4 and Lipasin in serum of pregnant women with GDM were higher than those of healthy pregnant women (P＜0.05),and those of group A were higher than those of group B (P＜0.05).Spearman univariate correlation analysis showed that serum RBP4 levels were positively correlated with FPG and FINS(P＜0.05),and serum Lipasin levels were positively correlated with FPG and FINS (P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that the levels of FPG,FINS,RBP4 and Lipasin increased,which were independent risk factors for diabetic retinopathy (P＜0.05).Conclusion In GDM with vascular complications,the serum RBP4 and Lipasin levels are higher,which are independent risk factors for vascular complications in GDM,and may participate in the occurrence and development of vascular complications in gestational diabetes mellitus.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between the serum levels of retinol-binding protein 4(RBP4),blood lipid level and glycemic control in patients with chronic schizophrenia complicated with type 2 diabetes.Methods The levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c),fasting plasma glucose (FPG),cholesterol (TC),triglycerides (TG),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),apolipoproteinA1 (Apo A1),apolipoprotein B(Apo B),apolipoprotein E(Apo E),lipoprotein(a)[Lp (a)],free fatty acid(FFA),RBP4,fasting insulin (FINS) were determined in 96 patients with chronic schizo-phrenia complicated with type 2 diabetes (schizophrenia group) and 50 healthy subjects (healthy control group),the insulin resistance index (HOMA IR)was calculated.The patients were divided into HbA1c<7.0% group and HbA1c≥7.0% group according to the results of the HbA1c,and the results were statistically analyzed.Results In the HbA1c<7.0% group,the levels of HbA1c,FPG,TG,Apo B,Apo E,Lp(a),RBP4 were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group,the levels of serum Apo A1 and HDL-C was lower than those in the healthy control group (P<0.05).In the HbA1c≥7.0% group,the levels of HbA1c, Body mass index (BMI),FPG,TG,Apo E,FFA,RBP4,FINS,HOMA-IR were significantly higher than those in the HbA1c<7.0% group and the healthy control group,the levels of TC,Apo B,Lp(a)were significantly higher than the healthy control group and the levels of serum Apo A 1 and HDL-C were lower than those in the healthy control group (P<0.05).Single factor Logistic regression analysis showed that BMI,TG,Apo E, FFA,RBP4,FINS and HOMA-IR were risk factors for poor control of blood glucose in type 2 diabetes pa-tients with chronic schizophrenia.Conclusion The levels of RBP4 and blood lipid in patients with chronic schizophrenia complicated with type 2 diabetes may be related to the poor control of blood sugar level.
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Objective To observe the impairment effect of retinol binding protein 4(RBP4) on neurocognitive function in diabetic nephropathy(DN) patients with silent cerebral infarction(SCI) and to explore its mechanism.Methods Sixty patients with newly diagnosed DN and 30 healthy volunteers were selected as the study subjects and the DN cases were divided into the complicating SCI group(SCI,n=30) and non-complicating SCI group(NSCI,n=30) according to the imaging results.The degrees of neurological function deficit and Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA) were evaluated.Serum RBP4 level was determined by ELISA and expressions of Lp-PLA2 and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4(CXCR4) were determined by Western blot.Results Compared with the NSCI group,the neurocognitive function in the SCI group was subsided,the expression levels of RBP4,Lp-PLA2 and CXCR4 were increased(P＜0.05).The RBP4 level was positively correlated with the neurocognitive function impairment in SCI patients,moreover,there existed a regression correlation between them.Conclusion Serum RBP4 may serve as the predictive factor of DN complicating SCI and is positively correlated with neurocognitive dysfunction.Lp-PLA2/CXCR4 pathway activation may be one of its pathogenesis.
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Objective To investigate the relationship among retinol binding protein 4(RBP-4), 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D]concerntrations and lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD)in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Methods A total of 197 T2DM patients and 80 healthy subjects were recruited in this study.The diabetic patients were assigned to group without complications (non-LEAD)and group complicated with LEAD (LEAD).Biochemical indications,serum RBP4 and 25(OH)D concentrations were measured. Results Serum RBP4 levels in LEAD group[(39.14 ± 2.14) μg/ml] increased as compared with that in group non-LEAD [(30.01 ± 2.09)μg/ml]and NC group [(14.09 ± 1.88)μg/ml](P<0.01).Serum 25(OH)D concentrations in LEAD group [(11.63 ± 6.83)ng/ml]were lower than that in Non-LEAD group [(18.02 ± 6.42)ng/ml]and NC group[(23.39 ± 4.68)ng/ml](P<0.05).Serum RBP-4 was positively associated with triglycerides (TG),low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR),body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR)and negatively associated with 25(OH)D and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C).Serum 25(OH)D had a negative correlation with RBP-4,HbA1c,fasting plasma glucose(FPG),HOMA-IR and duration.Logistic regression analysis showed that HDL-C and 25(OH)D were protective factors of LEAD. Conclusion Increased serum RBP-4 levels and reduced 25(OH)D concentrations are significantly associated with the occurrence of LEAD in patients with T 2DM.
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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease affecting 30% of the general population and 40% to 70% of obese individuals. Adipose tissue plays a crucial role in its pathogenesis, as it produces and secretes pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines called adipokines. Adiponectin and leptin have well-determined actions in terms of NAFLD pathophysiology. Adiponectin deficiency is associated with a pro-inflammatory condition, as it is observed in obesity and other metabolic disorders. On the other hand, increased leptin levels, above the normal levels, act as a pro-inflammatory stimulus. Regarding other adipokines (resistin, visfatin, chemerin, retinol-binding protein 4, irisin), data about their contribution to NAFLD pathogenesis and progression are inconclusive. In addition, pharmacological agents like thiazolidinediones (pioglitazone and rosiglitazone), that are used in the management of NAFLD exert favourable effects on adipokine levels, which in turn may contribute to the improvement of liver function. This review summarizes the current knowledge and developments in the association between adipokines and NAFLD and discusses possible therapeutic implications targeting the modulation of adipokine levels as a potential tool for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Adipokines , Adiponectin , Adipose Tissue , Cytokines , Hand , Leptin , Liver , Liver Diseases , Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease , Obesity , Resistin , ThiazolidinedionesABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective We wanted to investigate whether there is a relationship between circulating irisin, retinol binding protein-4 (RBP-4), adiponectin and proinflammatory mediators implicated in the development of insulin resistance (IR) in metabolic syndrome (MetS). Subjects and methods In 180 individuals, including controls and patients with MetS, we measured fasting plasma insulin, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), pentraxin-3 (PTX-3), interleukin-33 (IL-33), irisin, RBP-4, and adiponectin using ELISA kits. Results While fasting plasma hsCRP, PTX-3, IL-33, irisin, RBP-4 concentrations were higher, adiponectin levels were lower in patients with MetS than in controls. A correlation analysis revealed that plasma irisin levels were positively associated with MetS components such as waist circumference and waist-hip ratio, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and markers of systemic inflammation such as PTX-3, hsCRP, uric acid, and RBP-4. Adiponectin levels were negatively associated with waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, PTX-3 and LDL. Conclusions Although the precise mechanisms are still unclear, irisin, RBP-4, adiponectin and PTX-3 are hallmarks of the MetS, which is related to low-grade inflammation. It is conceivable that irisin and adiponectin might contribute to the development of MetS and may also represent novel MetS components. Future clinical studies are needed to confirm and extend these data.
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Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Fibronectins/blood , Inflammation Mediators/blood , Metabolic Syndrome/blood , Adiponectin/blood , Retinol-Binding Proteins, Plasma/analysis , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Biomarkers/blood , Case-Control StudiesABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the changes and correlation of retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) and homocysteine (Hcy) levels in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR).Methods 124 cases selected from the department of endocrinology admissions of patients with type 2 diabetes,divided into diabetic patients with non proliferative retinopathy group (NPDR group,40 cases),diabetes with value-added retinopathy group (PDR group,41 cases),diabetic retinopathy group (NDR group,n=43) and healthy volunteers group (NC group,40 cases),fasting venous blood indexes,correlation and multiple regression analysis in parallel.Results The RBP4,Hcy in PDR group were higher than NPDR group and NDR group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);The RBP4 and Hcy in NPDR group were higher than NDR group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);RBP4 and FPG,HbA1c,TC,TG,LDL-C and Hcy showed a positive correlation(P<0.05),and HDL-C showed a negative correlation(P<0.05),FPG and Hcy;HbA1c,TC,TG,LDL-C and RBP4 showed a positive correlation(P<0.05),and HDL-C showed a negative correlation(P<0.05);multi factor regression analysis,diabetic retinopathy and Hcy,RBP4 and HbA1c showed a positive correlation(P<0.05).Conclusion The levels of Hcy and RBP4 in patients with DR are highly expressed,and gradually increase with the progression of the disease,which is positively related to the occurrence and development of DR,and can be used as an important risk factor.
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Objective To investigate the correlation of serum levels of retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) and andomen?tin-1 with ischemic stroke and carotid artery stenosis. Methods Healthy adult (n=50) were selected as the control group while ischemic stroke patients with different degrees of carotid artery stenosis (n=143) were enrolled as the disease group. According to the ultrasonic Doppler performance, these ischemic stroke patients were divided into three groups:mild steno?sis group (carotid artery stenosis was normal or less than 50%, n=67), moderate stenosis group (carotid artery stenosis was 50%to 70%, n=45), severe stenosis group (carotid artery stenosis was 70%to total occlusion, n=31). BMI index, hyperten?sion, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and fasting blood glucose (FPG) were detected by Automatic biochemical analyzer and serum levels of RBP4 and omentin-1 were measured by ELISA. Results Hypertensive population in carotid artery stenosis group was larger than that in control group (P<0.05). Serum TC, TG, LDL, FPG and RBP4 levels were significantly higher while omentin-1 level decreased remarkably in disease group than those in the control group (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that TC and RBP4 were the risk factors of ischemic stroke with carotid artery stenosis, while omentin-1 was a protective factor. Conclusion RBP4 is a risk factor for ischemic stroke with carotid artery stenosis and omentin-1 is a protective factor.
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Objective To investigate the effect of dyslipidemia on retinol binding protein4(RBP4) and their correlation in type 2 diabetes(T2DM ) patients .Methods A total of 55 patients with T2DM were selected into T2DM group ,51 healthy persons were selected into control group .Serum total cholesterol(CHOL) ,high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) ,low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) ,triglyceride(TG) ,apolipoprotein A1(ApoA1) ,apolipoprotein B(ApoB) ,glucose(Glu) and RBP4 were detected by automatic biochemical analyzer ,and compared between the two groups ,the relationship between TG and RBP4 was analyzed .Re-sults The levels of serum RBP4 in patients with T2DM was significantly higher than that of control group .Positive correlation was observed between RBP4 and TG in patients with T2DM (r=0 .333 ,P=0 .013) ,however ,no correlation was found in patients in control group(r=0 .065 ,P=0 .614) .Serum RBP4 in patients with TG>1 .70 mmol/L were significant higher than those patients with TG≤1 .70 mmol/L (P=0 .011) .Conclusion High level of serum RBP4 was observed in patients with T2DM ,and positive correlated with TG ,which means level of RBP4 might be affected by TG .
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Objective To explore the value of urine retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4)detected by colloidal gold immunochromatography assay in evaluating the renal dysfunction state in kidney transplant patients. Methods A total of 141 kidney transplant patients followed-up by our urology center were included in this study. The RBP4 levels in the urine of the participants were measured by both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and colloidal gold immunochromatography assay. The consistency of the two methods was evaluated by kappa test. The patients were divided into three groups according to the results of colloidal gold immunochromatography assay, in which dark red, light red and colorless representing the low, medium and high levels of RBP4, respectively. The relationship between patient clinical manifestations and RBP4 results was analyzed. Results The two methods of ELISA and colloidal gold immunochromatography assay showed high consistency in detecting RBP4 concentration in the urine of kidney transplant patients (kappa=0.813, 95%CI: 0.763-0.933). According to the results of colloidal gold immunochromatography assay, the low, medium and high levels RBP4 groups had significantly different fasting glucose (P=0.028), serum creatinine (P=0.021), blood urea nitrogen (P=0.012), albumin (P=0.014), hemoglobin (P=0.026) and proteinuria (P=0.015). Conclusion Colloidal gold immunochromatography assay detecting urine retinol binding protein 4 can achieve semi-quantitative results via reaction color of the strip. It is reliable, sensitive and easy to perform, making it easy for the early diagnosis of renal tubular injury after kidney transplantation during follow-up.
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Objective To understand the alteration of retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4)in breast milk of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)and its clinical significance.Methods Sixty pregnant women diagnosed with GDM were selected as the cases.In the case group,breastfeeding amount reached more than 80% were defined as high -breastfeeding group while less than 20% were defined as low -breastfeeding.At the same time,45 nomal pregnant women were selected as the controls.Cord blood samples were collected during the delivery.Colostrums and mature milk samples were collected after the delivery.RBP4 and insulin concentrations were measured using enzyme -linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA ) and radioimmunoassay (RIA ) respectively.Infant birth weight and weight gain during postpartum reexamination were recorded.Results The concentrations of RBP4 and insulin in cord blood of GDM group (1 4.9 ± 2.6 μg/L and 8.3 ±1 .9 μU /mL)were higher than that in control group(1 2.4 ±2.7 μg/L and 6.0 ±2.1 μU /mL,P <0.001 ).RBP4 and insulin concentrations in colostrums of GDM group (1 6.9 ±4.2 μg/L and 1 1 .3 ±3.1 μU /mL)were higher than in controls (1 3.3 ±4.5 μg/L and 9.2 ±2.8 μU /mL,P <0.01 ).While in mature milk,RBP4 concentrations of GDMgroup were higher than that in controls (1 6.1 ±4.0 μg/L vs.1 2.5 ±3.1 μg/L,P <0.01 ).Insulin concentrationsof two groups were not significantly different.Comparing with low -breastfeeding group,RBP4 concentrations in mature milk of high -breastfeeding group were significantly lower (P <0.01 ).Cord blood RBP4 levels were positively correlated with infant birth weight (r =0.43,P <0.01 ).At the same time,in the colostrums,RBP4 levels were positively correlated with insulin levels (r =0.45,P <0.01 )and maternal weight gain during pregnancy (r =0.37,P <0.01 ).RBP4 concentrations in mature milk of high -breastfeeding group were negatively correlated with weight gain of infants (r =-0.49,P <0.01 ).Conclusion RBP4 in breast milk may be involved in the regulation of infant growth.Breastfeeding may reduce the RBP4 levels in women with GDM.
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Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4)was a class of secreting protein,mainly synthesized by the liver,widely distribu-ted in the human body blood,urine and other body fluids.It plays an important role in assisting the physiological function of vitamin A[1].Recent research shows that RBP4 was a new kind of adipocytokine,participated in insulin resistance and occur-rence of type 2 diabetes,and had a closed relationship with diabetic nephropathy,nutritional disease.This article describes the function of RBP4,review the relationship between RBP4 and nutritional or other type of diseases,and new clinical detec-tion method with RBP4.
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@#Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), synthesized in the liver, is an adipocytokine existing in the circulation. It is closely related to the incidence of macrovascular complications of diabetes. It also promotes the occurrence and development of diabetic microangiopathy. This paper summarized the progress in the field about the structure and function of RBP4, RBP4 and coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis, as well as RBP4 and diabetic nephropathy and diabetic retinopathy.
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Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), synthesized in the liver, is an adipocytokine existing in the circulation. It is closely related to the incidence of macrovascular complications of diabetes. It also promotes the occurrence and development of diabetic microangiopathy. This paper summarized the progress in the field about the structure and function of RBP4, RBP4 and coronary heart disease and atheroscle-rosis, as well as RBP4 and diabetic nephropathy and diabetic retinopathy.
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Objective To evaluate the association between retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and coronary artery disease (CAD) in Chinese.Methods A document retrieval was conducted by using retrieval systems,such as PubMed,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI),CBM,VIP and WanFang Database,to collect the published papers of case-control studies on association between RBP4 and CAD in Chinese up to February,2015.Data collection and quality assessment were completed by two authors respectively.All the analyses were conducted with software RevMan 5.2.Results A total of 10 qualified studies were included in our meta-analysis.The pooled analysis showed that RBP4 might be associated with CAD in Chinese [WMD=7.17 (95％CI:3.56-10.78) μg/ml,P＜0.05].Clinical subtype specific subgroup analysis showed RBP4 might be also associated with both stable angina pectoris [WMD=4.81 (95％ CI:1.25-8.37) μg/ml,P＜0.05] and acute myocardial infarction [WMD=13.96(95％CI:6.12-21.80) μg/ml,P＜0.05].Age specific subgroup analysis showed the significant association between RBP4 and CAD was only found in patients aged ≤65 years [WMD=7.26(95％CI:2.73-11.79)μg/ml,P＜0.05].Sensitivity and publication bias analyses indicated that our results were stable and reliable.Conclusion The meta-analysis suggests that RBP4 might be associated with CAD in Chinese.